Juvenal Pacheco
084 224288
inka@unsaac.edu.pe
JUVENAL PACHECO
AMEA
ASOCIACION MUNDIAL
DE ESCRITORES ANDINOS
Juvenal Pacheco Farfán –nació en el Cusco en
1946-, educador, lingüista y abogado, profesor de
la Universidad San Antonio de Abad y autor sobre
la temática andina de los libros: Categorías
Histórico –Culturales para la Sistematización de la
Filosofía Inka (1993), Filosofía Inka y su Proyección
al Futuro (1994) y Lingüística y Quechua Inka
(2006). En Filosofía Inka y su Proyección al Futuro,
combinando la visión marxista con la
reconstrucción del pensamiento incaico, nuestro
autor intenta demostrar que sí hubo filosofía inka
en una doble vertiente materialista e idealista. El
libro está dividido en tres capítulos; el primero
persigue determinar la naturaleza propia del
filosofar, el segundo aborda las categorías
histórico-culturales de la filosofía inka y el tercero
señala las concepciones, categorías, disciplinas y
carácter dialéctico de la filosofía andino-inka. Para
comprender a Pacheco Farfán filósofo, hay que
recordar que se trata de un profundo amador del
Cusco imperial, orgulloso de su estirpe quechua e
inka, un decidido émulo del marxismo oficial
divulgado con Afanasiev y Rosental, un
continuador de César Guardia Mayorga, uno de los
corifeos del análisis clasista y dialéctico, de
Virgilio Roel, ardiente indigenista, de Brehier,
historiador de la filosofía que admite su origen
oriental, y de distinguidos historiadores
peruanistas. Aunque en principio materialista
dialéctico, es de hecho el reanimador de la
filosofía que afirma la existencia del pensar
filosófico en el Perú incaico. Su filosofía inka,
afirmado dentro de un nativismo dialéctico,
preludia el nativismo individualizador de Mazzi, el
nativismo cosmogónico de Díaz Guzmán y el
nativismo liberacionista de Cuéllar. Dogmático en
su fe del marxismo oficial, es el precursor de
todos ellos, por la distinción clara y absoluta que
establece entre filosofía griega y filosofía como
quehacer inmanente a la naturaleza misma del
hombre. Por eso, tras la letra marxista, late en él
Aristóteles y su idea del reconocimiento en los
hombres de un ánima racional.

Juvenal Pacheco is a sociologist and preserves the "purity" and "nobility" of the Inca tongue. Members of the Academia like to
refer to the language as "quechua imperial" (see e.g. Manya 1992); or as qhapaq simi or apu simi (that is, as something like
"language of the nobles" or "language of the lords") in an unambiguous attempt to differentiate it from runa simi - "people's
language", the term by which the Quechua language is most often known by runa, the monolingual peasants of the Andean sierra.
the Andean sierra.

The Academia positions itself in public as a doughty defender and protector of the Quechua language, the voice of the "authentic"
language as opposed to the linguists and educationalists it regards as outsiders or "foráneos" (Itier 1992b). As holder of the state
franchise, as it were, for the Quechua language, it sees the revitalisation of Quechua as its sacred task, and campaigns tirelessly
for the teaching of Quechua in schools. It is not intended in this short paper to attempt to quantify either the extent of commitment
of the Peruvian state to language maintenance, or the efficacy of grass roots movements towards the same goal. It will however be
argued that, given the peculiar linguistic, social and political agenda of the Academia as espoused by Dr Pacheco, a serious
language maintenance project on the part of either state or grass roots activists would find in the Academia at best an unreliable
ally and at worst an implacable enemy.

Language and legitimate authority
The Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in its present form was constituted by congressional decree in 1990 out of the former
Academia Peruana de la Lengua Quechua. It has regional branches in the major Quechua-speaking Departments of Peru, and in
the capital, but is based in Cusco. The current state of "authority" in the world of the Academies is muddled and strife-ridden.
Pacheco confided to me that he was to travel to Lima the following month in order to convene an extraordinary meeting of all the
regional branches of the Academia, at which he would attempt to reimpose central control from Cusco. The immediate justification
for this appeared to be that the Lima branch of the organisation (or certain members of it, perhaps) had taken to styling
themselves in public "Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua del Perú", hence implicitly disavowing the authority and
pre-eminence of the Cusco centre. The acute concern for name and style is reflected in many of Pacheco's comments during the
interview; it was further emphasised after the interview had finished, when Pacheco insisted that I take out my notebook and copy
down his full style, word-for-word, at his dictation. Taking my notebook from my hands, he then checked the result for accuracy. It
reads:

Dr Juvenal Pacheco Farfán
Presidente de la Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua
Sede Central: Qosqo - Perú.
AMEA * Andean Writers - Escritores Andinos